wip junk
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nom-eme.py
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350
nom-eme.py
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from simphony.elements import Model
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from simphony.netlist import Subcircuit
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from simphony.simulation import SweepSimulation
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from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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class PeriodicLayer(Model):
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def __init__(self, left_modes, right_modes, s_params):
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self.left_modes = left_modes
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self.right_modes = right_modes
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self.left_ports = len(self.left_modes)
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self.right_ports = len(self.right_modes)
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self.normalize_fields()
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self.s_params = s_params
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def normalize_fields(self):
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for mode in range(len(self.left_modes)):
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self.left_modes[mode].normalize()
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for mode in range(len(self.right_modes)):
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self.right_modes[mode].normalize()
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class PeriodicEME:
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def __init__(self, layers=[], num_periods=1):
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self.layers = layers
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self.num_periods = num_periods
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self.wavelength = wavelength
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def propagate(self):
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wl = self.wavelength
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if not len(self.layers):
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raise Exception("Must place layers before propagating")
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num_modes = max([l.num_modes for l in self.layers])
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iface = InterfaceSingleMode if num_modes == 1 else InterfaceMultiMode
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eme = EME(layers=self.layers)
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left, right = eme.propagate()
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self.single_period = eme.s_matrix
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period_layer = PeriodicLayer(left.modes, right.modes, self.single_period)
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current_layer = PeriodicLayer(left.modes, right.modes, self.single_period)
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interface = iface(right, left)
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for _ in range(self.num_periods - 1):
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current_layer.s_params = cascade(current_layer, interface, wl)
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current_layer.s_params = cascade(current_layer, period_layer, wl)
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self.s_params = current_layer.s_params
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class EME:
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def __init__(self, layers=[]):
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self.layers = layers
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self.wavelength = None
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def propagate(self):
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layers = self.layers
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wl = layers[0].wavelength if self.wavelength is None else self.wavelength
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if not len(layers):
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raise Exception("Must place layers before propagating")
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num_modes = max([l.num_modes for l in layers])
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iface = InterfaceSingleMode if num_modes == 1 else InterfaceMultiMode
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first_layer = layers[0]
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current = Current(wl, first_layer)
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interface = iface(first_layer, layers[1])
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current.s = cascade(current, interface, wl)
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current.right_pins = interface.right_pins
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for index in range(1, len(layers) - 1):
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layer1 = layers[index]
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layer2 = layers[index + 1]
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interface = iface(layer1, layer2)
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current.s = cascade(current, layer1, wl)
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current.right_pins = layer1.right_pins
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current.s = cascade(current, interface, wl)
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current.right_pins = interface.right_pins
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last_layer = layers[-1]
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current.s = cascade(current, last_layer, wl)
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current.right_pins = last_layer.right_pins
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self.s_matrix = current.s
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return first_layer, last_layer
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def stack(sa, sb):
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qab = numpy.eye() - sa.r11 @ sb.r11
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qba = numpy.eye() - sa.r11 @ sb.r11
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#s.t12 = sa.t12 @ numpy.pinv(qab) @ sb.t12
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#s.r21 = sa.t12 @ numpy.pinv(qab) @ sb.r22 @ sa.t21 + sa.r22
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#s.r12 = sb.t21 @ numpy.pinv(qba) @ sa.r11 @ sb.t12 + sb.r11
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#s.t21 = sb.t21 @ numpy.pinv(qba) @ sa.t21
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s.t12 = sa.t12 @ numpy.linalg.solve(qab, sb.t12)
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s.r21 = sa.t12 @ numpy.linalg.solve(qab, sb.r22 @ sa.t21) + sa.r22
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s.r12 = sb.t21 @ numpy.linalg.solve(qba, sa.r11 @ sb.t12) + sb.r11
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s.t21 = sb.t21 @ numpy.linalg.solve(qba, sa.t21)
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return s
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def cascade(first, second, wavelength):
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circuit = Subcircuit("Device")
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circuit.add([(first, "first"), (second, "second")])
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for port in range(first.right_ports):
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circuit.connect("first", "right" + str(port), "second", "left" + str(port))
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simulation = SweepSimulation(circuit, wavelength, wavelength, num=1)
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result = simulation.simulate()
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return result.s
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class InterfaceSingleMode(Model):
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def __init__(self, layer1, layer2, num_modes=1):
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self.num_modes = num_modes
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self.num_ports = 2 * num_modes
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self.s = self.solve(layer1, layer2, num_modes)
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def solve(self, layer1, layer2, num_modes):
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nm = num_modes
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s = numpy.zeros((2 * nm, 2 * nm), dtype=complex)
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for ii, left_mode in enumerate(layer1.modes):
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for oo, right_mode in enumerate(layer2.modes):
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r, t = get_rt(left_mode, right_mode)
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s[ oo, ii] = r
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s[nm + oo, ii] = t
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for ii, right_mode in enumerate(layer2.modes):
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for oo, left_mode in enumerate(layer1.modes):
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r, t = get_rt(right_mode, left_mode)
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s[ oo, nm + ii] = t
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s[nm + oo, nm + ii] = r
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return s
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class InterfaceMultiMode(Model):
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def __init__(self, layer1, layer2):
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self.s = self.solve(layer1, layer2)
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def solve(self, layer1, layer2):
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n1p = layer1.num_modes
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n2p = layer2.num_modes
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num_ports = n1p + n2p
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s = numpy.zeros((num_ports, num_ports), dtype=complex)
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for l1p in range(n1p):
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ts = get_t(l1p, layer1, layer2)
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rs = get_r(l1p, layer1, layer2, ts)
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s[n1p:, l1p] = ts
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s[:n1p, l1p] = rs
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for l2p in range(n2p):
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ts = get_t(l2p, layer2, layer1)
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rs = get_r(l2p, layer2, layer1, ts)
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s[:n1p, n1p + l2p] = ts
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s[n1p:, n1p + l2p] = rs
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return s
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def get_t(p, left, right):
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A = numpy.empty(left.num_modes, right.num_modes, dtype=complex)
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for i in range(left.num_modes):
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for k in range(right.num_modes):
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# TODO optimize loop
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A[i, k] = inner_product(right[k], left[i]) + inner_product(left[i], right[k])
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b = numpy.zeros(left.num_modes)
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b[p] = 2 * inner_product(left[p], left[p])
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x = numpy.linalg.solve(A, b)
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# NOTE: `A` does not depend on `p`, so it might make sense to partially precompute
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# the solution (pinv(A), or LU decomposition?)
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# Actually solve() can take multiple vectors, so just pass it something with the full diagonal?
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xx = numpy.matmul(numpy.linalg.pinv(A), b) #TODO verify
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assert numpy.allclose(xx, x)
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return x
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def get_r(p, left, right, t):
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r = numpy.empty(left.num_modes, dtype=complex)
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for ii in range(left.num_modes):
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r[ii] = sum((inner_product(right[kk], left[ii]) - inner_product(left[ii], right[kk])) * t[kk]
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for kk in range(right.num_modes)
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) / (2 * inner_product(left[ii], left[ii]))
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return r
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def get_rt(left, right):
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a = 0.5 * (inner_product(left, right) + inner_product(right, left))
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b = 0.5 * (inner_product(left, right) - inner_product(right, left))
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t = (a ** 2 - b ** 2) / a
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r = 1 - t / (a + b)
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return -r, t
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def inner_product(left_E, right_H, dxes):
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# ExHy' - EyHx'
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cross_z = left_E[0] * right_H[1].conj() - left_E[1] * right_H[0].conj()
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# cross_z = numpy.cross(left_E, numpy.conj(right_H), axisa=0, axisb=0, axisc=0)[2]
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return numpy.trapz(numpy.trapz(cross_z, dxes[0][0]), dxes[0][1]) / 2 # TODO might need cumsum on dxes
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def propagation_matrix(mode_neffs: ArrayLike, wavelength: float, distance: float):
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eigenv = numpy.array(mode_neffs, copy=False) * 2 * numpy.pi / wavelength
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prop_diag = numpy.diag(numpy.exp(distance * 1j * numpy.hstack((eigenv, eigenv))))
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prop_matrix = numpy.roll(prop_diag, len(eigenv), axis=0)
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return prop_matrix
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def connect_s(
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A: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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k: int,
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B: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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l: int,
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) -> NDArray[numpy.complex128]:
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"""
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TODO
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connect two n-port networks' s-matrices together.
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specifically, connect port `k` on network `A` to port `l` on network
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`B`. The resultant network has nports = (A.rank + B.rank-2); first
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(A.rank - 1) ports are from `A`, remainder are from B.
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Args:
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A: S-parameter matrix of `A`, shape is fxnxn
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k: port index on `A` (port indices start from 0)
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B: S-parameter matrix of `B`, shape is fxnxn
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l: port index on `B`
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Returns:
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C: new S-parameter matrix
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"""
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if k > A.shape[-1] - 1 or l > B.shape[-1] - 1:
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raise ValueError("port indices are out of range")
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C = scipy.sparse.block_diag((A, B), dtype=complex)
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return innerconnect_s(C, k, A.shape[0] + l)
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def innerconnect_s(
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S: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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k: int,
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l: int,
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) -> NDArray[numpy.complex128]:
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"""
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TODO
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n x n x freq
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connect two ports of a single n-port network's s-matrix.
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Specifically, connect port `k` to port `l` on `S`. This results in
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a (n-2)-port network.
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Args:
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S: S-parameter matrix of `S`, shape is fxnxn
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k: port index on `S` (port indices start from 0)
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l: port index on `S`
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Returns:
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new S-parameter matrix
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Notes:
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- Compton, R.C., "Perspectives in microwave circuit analysis",
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doi:10.1109/MWSCAS.1989.101955
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- Filipsson, G., "A New General Computer Algorithm for S-Matrix Calculation
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of Interconnected Multiports",
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doi:10.1109/EUMA.1981.332972
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"""
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if k > S.shape[-1] - 1 or l > S.shape[-1] - 1:
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raise ValueError("port indices are out of range")
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l = [l]
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k = [k]
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mkl = 1 - S[k, l]
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mlk = 1 - S[l, k]
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C = S + (
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S[k, :] * S[:, l] * mlk
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+ S[l, :] * S[:, k] * mkl
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+ S[k, :] * S[l, l] * S[:, k]
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+ S[l, :] * S[k, k] * S[:, l]
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) / (
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mlk * mkl - S[k, k] * S[l, l]
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)
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# remove connected ports
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C = npy.delete(C, (k, l), 1)
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C = npy.delete(C, (k, l), 2)
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return C
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def s2abcd(
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S: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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z0: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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) -> NDArray[numpy.complex128]:
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assert numpy.array_equal(S.shape[:2] == (2, 2))
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Z1, Z2 = z0
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cross = S[0, 1] * S[1, 0]
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T = numpy.empty_like(S, dtype=complex)
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T[0, 0, :] = (Z1.conj() + S[0, 0] * Z1) * (1 - S[1, 1]) + cross * Z1 # A numerator
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T[0, 1, :] = (Z1.conj() + S[0, 0] * Z1) * (Z1.conj() + S[1, 1] * Z2) - cross * Z1 * Z2 # B numerator
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T[1, 0, :] = (1 - S[0, 0]) * (1 - S[1, 1]) - cross # C numerator
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T[1, 1, :] = (1 - S[0, 0]) * (Z2.conj() + S[1, 1] * Z2) + cross * Z2 # D numerator
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det = 2 * S[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(Z1.real * Z2.real)
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T /= det
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return T
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def generalize_S(
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S: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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r0: float,
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z0: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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) -> NDArray[numpy.complex128]:
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g = (z0 - r0) / (z0 + r0)
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D = numpy.diag((1 - g) / numpy.abs(1 - g.conj()) * numpy.sqrt(1 - numpy.abs(g * g.conj())))
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G = numpy.diag(g)
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U = numpy.eye(S.shape[0])
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S_gen = pinv(D.conj()) @ (S - G.conj()) @ pinv(U - G @ S) @ D
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return S_gen
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def change_R0(
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S: NDArray[numpy.complex128],
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r1: float,
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r2: float,
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) -> NDArray[numpy.complex128]:
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g = (r2 - r1) / (r2 + r1)
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U = numpy.eye(S.shape[0])
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G = U * g
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S_r2 = (S - G) @ pinv(U - G @ S)
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return S_r2
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# Zc = numpy.sqrt(B / C)
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# gamma = numpy.arccosh(A) / L_TL
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# n_eff = -1j * gamma * c_light / (2 * pi * f)
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# n_eff_grp = n_eff + f * diff(n_eff) / diff(f)
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# attenuation = (1 - S[0, 0] * S[0, 0].conj()) / (S[1, 0] * S[1, 0].conj())
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# R = numpy.real(gamma * Zc)
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# C = numpy.real(gamma / Zc)
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# L = numpy.imag(gamma * Zc) / (-1j * 2 * pi * f)
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# G = numpy.imag(gamma / Zc) / (-1j * 2 * pi * f)
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387
spar.py
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387
spar.py
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# Based on scripts from Andy H. va rfcafe
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# IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. VOL 42, NO 2. FEBRUARY 1994
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# Conversions Between S, Z, Y, h, ABCD, and T Parameters which are Valid for Complex Source and Load Impedances
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# Dean A. Frickey, Member, EEE
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# Tables I and II
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import numpy
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def s_to_z(s, z0):
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"""
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Scattering (S) to Impedance (Z)
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Args:
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s: The scattering matrix.
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z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
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Returns:
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The impedance matrix.
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"""
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z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
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z = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
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z[0, 0] = (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 - s[1, 1]) + s[0, 1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0]
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z[0, 1] = 2 * s[0, 1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
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z[1, 0] = 2 * s[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
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z[1, 1] = (1 - s[0, 0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1, 1] * z0[1]) + s[0, 1] * s[1, 0] * z0[1]
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z /= (1 - s[0, 0]) * (1 - s[1, 1]) - s[0, 1] * s[1, 0]
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return z
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def z_to_s(z, z0):
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"""
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Impedance (Z) to Scattering (S)
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Args:
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z: The impedance matrix.
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z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
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Returns:
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The scattering matrix.
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"""
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z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
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s = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
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s[0, 0] = (z[0, 0] - z0c[0]) * (z[1, 1] + z0[1]) - z[0, 1] * z[1, 0]
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s[0, 1] = 2 * z[0, 1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
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s[1, 0] = 2 * z[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
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s[1, 1] = (z[0, 0] + z0[0]) * (z[1, 1] - z0c[1]) - z[0, 1] * z[1, 0]
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s /= (z[0, 0] + z0[0]) * (z[1, 1] + z0[1]) - z[0, 1] * z[1, 0]
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return s
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def s_to_y(s, z0):
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"""
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Scattering (S) to Admittance (Y)
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Args:
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s: The scattering matrix.
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z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
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Returns:
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The admittance matrix.
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"""
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z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
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y = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
y[0, 0] = (1 - s[0, 0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1, 1] * z0[1]) + s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
y[0, 1] = -2 * s[0,1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
y[1, 0] = -2 * s[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
y[1, 1] = (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 - s[1,1]) + s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0]
|
||||
|
||||
y /= (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1, 1] * z0[1]) - s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
return y
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def y_to_s(y, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Admittance (Y) to Scattering (S)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
y: The admittance matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The scattering matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
s = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
s[0, 0] = (1 - y[0, 0] * z0c[0]) * (1 + y[1, 1] * z0[1]) + y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0c[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
s[0, 1] = -2 * y[0,1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 0] = -2 * y[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 1] = (1 + y[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 - y[1,1] * z0c[1]) + y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
|
||||
s /= (1 + y[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 + y[1, 1] * z0[1]) - y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
return s
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def s_to_h(s, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Scattering (S) to Hybrid (H)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
s: The scattering matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The hybrid matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
h = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
h[0, 0] = (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1, 1] * z0[1]) - s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
h[0, 1] = 2 * s[0,1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
h[1, 0] = -2 * s[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
h[1, 1] = (1 - s[0, 0]) * (1 - s[1,1]) - s[0,1] * s[1, 0]
|
||||
|
||||
h /= (1 - s[0, 0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1, 1] * z0[1]) + s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
return h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def h_to_s(h, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Hybrid (H) to Scattering (S)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
h: The hybrid matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The scattering matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
s = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
s[0, 0] = (h[0, 0] - z0c[0]) * (1 + h[1, 1] * z0[1]) - h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
s[0, 1] = 2 * h[0,1] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 0] = -2 * h[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 1] = (z0[0] + h[0, 0]) * (1 - h[1,1] * z0c[1]) + h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
|
||||
s /= (z0[0] + h[0, 0]) * (1 + h[1, 1] * z0[1]) - h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
return s
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def s_to_abcd(s, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Scattering to Chain (ABCD)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
s: The scattering matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
ans = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
ans[0, 0] = (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 - s[1, 1]) + s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0]
|
||||
ans[0, 1] = (z0c[0] + s[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1,1] * z0[1]) - s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
ans[1, 0] = (1 - s[0, 0]) * (1 - s[1, 1]) - s[0,1] * s[1, 0]
|
||||
ans[1, 1] = (1 - s[0, 0]) * (z0c[1] + s[1,1] * z0[1]) + s[0,1] * s[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
|
||||
ans /= 2 * s[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return ans
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def abcd_to_s(abcd, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain (ABCD) to Scattering (S)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
abcd: The chain matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Return:
|
||||
The scattering matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
A = abcd[0, 0]
|
||||
B = abcd[0, 1]
|
||||
C = abcd[1, 0]
|
||||
D = abcd[1, 1]
|
||||
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
s = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
s[0, 0] = A * z0[1] + B - C * z0c[0] * z0[1] - D * z0c[0]
|
||||
s[0, 1] = 2 * (A * D - B * C) * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 0] = 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
s[1, 1] = -A * z0c[1] + B - C * z0[0] * z0c[1] + D * z0[0]
|
||||
|
||||
s /= A * z0[1] + B + C * z0[0] * z0[1] + D * z0[0]
|
||||
return s
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def t_to_z(t, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain Transfer (T) to Impedance (Z)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
t: The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The impedance matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
z = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
z[0, 0] = z0c[0] * (t[0, 0] + t[0, 1]) + z0[0] * (t[1, 0] + t[1,1])
|
||||
z[0, 1] = 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real) * (t[0, 0] * t[1,1] - t[0,1] * t[1, 0])
|
||||
z[1, 0] = 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
z[1, 1] = z0c[1] * (t[0, 0] - t[1, 0]) - z0[1] * (t[0,1] - t[1,1])
|
||||
|
||||
z /= t[0, 0] + t[0, 1] - t[1, 0] - t[1,1]
|
||||
return z
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def z_to_t(z, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Impedance (Z) to Chain Transfer (T)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
z: The impedance matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
t = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
t[0, 0] = (z[0, 0] + z0[0]) * (z[1, 1] + z0[1]) - z[0,1] * z[1, 0]
|
||||
t[0, 1] = (z[0, 0] + z0[0]) * (z0c[1] - z[1,1]) + z[0,1] * z[1, 0]
|
||||
t[1, 0] = (z[0, 0] - z0c[0]) * (z[1, 1] + z0[1]) - z[0,1] * z[1, 0]
|
||||
t[1, 1] = (z0c[0] - z[0, 0]) * (z[1,1] - z0c[1]) + z[0,1] * z[1, 0]
|
||||
|
||||
t /= 2 * z[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return t
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def t_to_y(t, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain Transfer (T) to Admittance (Y)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
t: The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The admittance matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
y = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
y[0, 0] = z0c[1] * (t[0, 0] - t[1, 0]) - z0[1] * (t[0, 1] - t[1,1])
|
||||
y[0, 1] = -2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real) * (t[0, 0] * t[1,1] - t[0,1] * t[1, 0])
|
||||
y[1, 0] = -2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
y[1, 1] = z0c[0] * (t[0, 0] + t[0,1]) + z0[0] * (t[1, 0] + t[1,1])
|
||||
|
||||
y /= t[0, 0] * z0c[0] * z0c[1] - t[0, 1] * z0c[0] * z0[1] + t[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0c[1] - t[1,1] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
return y
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def y_to_t(y, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Admittance (Y) to Chain Transfer (T)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
y: The admittance matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
t = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
t[0, 0] = (-1 - y[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 + y[1, 1] * z0[1]) + y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
t[0, 1] = (1 + y[0, 0] * z0[0]) * (1 - y[1,1] * z0c[1]) + y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0[0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
t[1, 0] = (y[0, 0] * z0c[0] - 1) * (1 + y[1, 1] * z0[1]) - y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0c[0] * z0[1]
|
||||
t[1, 1] = (1 - y[0, 0] * z0c[0]) * (1 - y[1,1] * z0c[1]) - y[0,1] * y[1, 0] * z0c[0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
|
||||
t /= 2 * y[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return t
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def t_to_h(t, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain Transfer (T) to Hybrid (H)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
t: The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The hybrid matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
h = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
h[0, 0] = z0c[1]*(t[0, 0] * z0c[0] + t[1, 0] * z0[0]) - z0[1] * (t[0, 1] * z0c[0] + t[1,1] * z0[0])
|
||||
h[0, 1] = 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real) * (t[0, 0] * t[1,1] - t[0,1] * t[1, 0])
|
||||
h[1, 0] = -2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
h[1, 1] = t[0, 0] + t[0,1] - t[1, 0] - t[1,1]
|
||||
|
||||
h /= z0c[1] * (t[0, 0] - t[1, 0]) - z0[1] * (t[0, 1] - t[1,1])
|
||||
return h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def h_to_t(h, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Hybrid (H) to Chain Transfer (T)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
t: The hybrid matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
t = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
t[0, 0] = (-h[0, 0] - z0[0]) * (1 + h[1, 1] * z0[1]) + h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
t[0, 1] = (h[0, 0] + z0[0]) * (1 - h[1,1] * z0c[1]) + h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
t[1, 0] = (z0c[0] - h[0, 0]) * (1 + h[1, 1] * z0[1]) + h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0[1]
|
||||
t[1, 1] = (h[0, 0] - z0c[0]) * (1 - h[1,1] * z0c[1]) + h[0,1] * h[1, 0] * z0c[1]
|
||||
|
||||
t /= 2 * h[1, 0] * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return t
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def t_to_abcd(t, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain Transfer (T) to Chain (ABCD)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
t: The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
ans = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
ans[0, 0] = z0c[0] * (t[0, 0] + t[0, 1]) + z0[0] * (t[1, 0] + t[1, 1])
|
||||
ans[0, 1] = z0c[1] * (t[0, 0] * z0c[0] + t[1, 0] * z0[0]) - z0[1] * (t[0, 1] * z0c[0] + t[1, 1] * z0[0])
|
||||
ans[1, 0] = t[0, 0] + t[0, 1] - t[1, 0] - t[1, 1]
|
||||
ans[1, 1] = z0c[1] * (t[0, 0] - t[1, 0]) - z0[1] * (t[0, 1] - t[1, 1])
|
||||
|
||||
ans /= 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return ans
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def abcd_to_t(abcd, z0):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Chain (ABCD) to Chain Transfer (T)
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
abcd: The chain matrix.
|
||||
z0: The port impedances (Ohms).
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The chain transfer matrix.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# Break out the components
|
||||
A = abcd[0, 0]
|
||||
B = abcd[0, 1]
|
||||
C = abcd[1, 0]
|
||||
D = abcd[1, 1]
|
||||
|
||||
z0c = numpy.conj(z0)
|
||||
|
||||
t = numpy.empty([2, 2], dtype=complex)
|
||||
t[0, 0] = A * z0[1] + B + C * z0[0] * z0[1] + D * z0[0]
|
||||
t[0, 1] = A * z0c[1] - B + C * z0[0] * z0c[1] - D * z0[0]
|
||||
t[1, 0] = A * z0[1] + B - C * z0c[0] * z0[1] - D * z0c[0]
|
||||
t[1, 1] = A * z0c[1] - B - C * z0c[0] * z0c[1] + D * z0c[0]
|
||||
|
||||
t /= 2 * numpy.sqrt(z0[0].real * z0[1].real)
|
||||
return t
|
||||
58
spar_tests.py
Normal file
58
spar_tests.py
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
|
||||
# IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES. VOL 42, NO 2. FEBRUARY 1994
|
||||
# Conversions Between S, Z, Y, h, ABCD, and T Parameters which are Valid for Complex Source and Load Impedances
|
||||
# Dean A. Frickey, Member, EEE
|
||||
|
||||
# Tables I and II
|
||||
|
||||
import numpy as np
|
||||
from two_port_conversions import *
|
||||
|
||||
""" Testing """
|
||||
# Analog Devices - HMC455LP3 - S parameters
|
||||
# High output IP3 GaAs InGaP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor
|
||||
|
||||
# MHz S (Magntidue and Angle (deg))
|
||||
# 1487.273 0.409 160.117 4.367 163.864 0.063 115.967 0.254 -132.654
|
||||
|
||||
s11 = 0.409 * np.exp(1j * np.radians(160.117))
|
||||
s12 = 4.367 * np.exp(1j * np.radians(163.864))
|
||||
s21 = 0.063 * np.exp(1j * np.radians(115.967))
|
||||
s22 = 0.254 * np.exp(1j * np.radians(-132.654))
|
||||
|
||||
s_orig = np.array([[s11, s12], [s21, s22]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Data specified at 50 Ohms (adding small complex component to test conversions)
|
||||
z1, z2 = 50 + 0.01j, 50 - 0.02j
|
||||
z0 = np.array([z1, z2])
|
||||
|
||||
""" Conversions """
|
||||
print(f'Original S: \n{s_orig}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
# S --> Z --> T --> Z --> S
|
||||
z = s_to_z(s_orig, z0)
|
||||
t = z_to_t(z, z0)
|
||||
z = t_to_z(t, z0)
|
||||
s = z_to_s(z, z0)
|
||||
print(f'Test (S --> Z --> T --> Z --> S): \n{s}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
# S --> Y --> T --> Y --> S
|
||||
y = s_to_y(s_orig, z0)
|
||||
t = y_to_t(y, z0)
|
||||
y = t_to_y(t, z0)
|
||||
s = y_to_s(y, z0)
|
||||
print(f'Test (S --> Y --> T --> Y --> S): \n{s}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
# S --> H --> T --> H --> S
|
||||
h = s_to_h(s_orig, z0)
|
||||
t = h_to_t(h, z0)
|
||||
h = t_to_h(t, z0)
|
||||
s = h_to_s(h, z0)
|
||||
print(f'Test (S --> H --> T --> H --> S): \n{s}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
# S --> ABCD --> T --> ABCD --> S
|
||||
abcd = s_to_abcd(s_orig, z0)
|
||||
t = abcd_to_t(abcd, z0)
|
||||
abcd = t_to_abcd(t, z0)
|
||||
s = abcd_to_s(abcd, z0)
|
||||
print(f'Test (S --> ABCD --> T --> ABCD --> S): \n{s}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
86
spconv.py
Normal file
86
spconv.py
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
import numpy
|
||||
from numpy import sqrt, real, abs
|
||||
from numpy.linalg import pinv
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def diag(twod):
|
||||
# numpy.diag() but makes a stack of diagonal matrices
|
||||
return numpy.einsum('ij,jk->ijk', twod, numpy.eye(twod.shape[-1], dtype=twod.dtype))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def s2z(s, zref):
|
||||
# G0_inv @ inv(I - S) @ (S Z0 + Z0*) @ G0
|
||||
# Where Z0 is diag(zref) and G0 = diag(1/sqrt(abs(real(zref))))
|
||||
nf = s.shape[-1]
|
||||
I = numpy.eye(nf)[None, :, :]
|
||||
zref = numpy.array(zref, copy=False)
|
||||
gref = 1 / sqrt(abs(zref.real))
|
||||
z = diag(1 / gref) @ pinv(I - s) @ ( S @ diag(zref) + diag(zref).conj()) @ diag(gref)
|
||||
return z
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def change_of_zref(
|
||||
s, # (nf, np, np)
|
||||
zref_old, # (nf, np)
|
||||
zref_new, # (nf, np)
|
||||
):
|
||||
# Change-of-Z0 to Z0'
|
||||
# S' = inv(A) @ (S - rho*) @ inv(I - rho @ S) @ A*
|
||||
# A = inv(G0') @ G0 @ inv(I - rho*) (diagonal)
|
||||
# rho = (Z0' - Z0) @ inv(Z0' + Z0) (diagonal)
|
||||
|
||||
I = numpy.eye(SL.shape[-1])[None, :, :]
|
||||
zref_old = numpy.array(zref_old, copy=False)
|
||||
zref_new = numpy.array(zref_new, copy=False)
|
||||
|
||||
g_old = 1 / sqrt(abs(zref_old.real))
|
||||
r_new = sqrt(abs(zref_new.real))
|
||||
|
||||
rhov = (zref_new - zref_old) / (zref_new + zref_old)
|
||||
av = r_new * g_old / (1 - rhov.conj())
|
||||
|
||||
s_new = diag(1 / av) @ (s - diag(rhov.conj())) @ pinv(I[None, :] - diag(rhov) @ S) @ diag(av.conj())
|
||||
return s_new
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def embedding(
|
||||
See, # (nf, ne, ne)
|
||||
Sei, # (nf, ne, ni)
|
||||
Sie, # (nf, ni, ne)
|
||||
Sii, # (nf, ni, ni)
|
||||
SL, # (nf, ni, ni)
|
||||
):
|
||||
# Reveyrand, doi:10.1109/INMMIC.2018.8430023
|
||||
I = numpy.eye(SL.shape[-1])[None, :, :]
|
||||
S_tot = See + Sei @ pinv(I - SL @ Sii) @ SL @ Sie
|
||||
return S_tot
|
||||
|
||||
def deembedding(
|
||||
Sei, # (nf, ne, ni)
|
||||
Sie, # (nf, ni, ne)
|
||||
Sext, # (nf, ne, ne)
|
||||
See, # (nf, ne, ne)
|
||||
Si, # (nf, ni, ni)
|
||||
):
|
||||
# Reveyrand, doi:10.1109/INMMIC.2018.8430023
|
||||
# Requires balanced number of ports, similar to VNA calibration
|
||||
Sei_inv = pinv(Sei)
|
||||
Sdif = Sext - See
|
||||
return Sei_inv @ Sdif @ pinv(Sie + Sii @ Sei_inv @ Sdif)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def thru_with_Zref_change(
|
||||
zref0, # (nf,)
|
||||
zref1, # (nf,)
|
||||
):
|
||||
nf = zref0.shape[0]
|
||||
s = numpy.empty((nf, 2, 2), dtype=complex)
|
||||
s[:, 0, 0] = zref1 - zref0
|
||||
s[:, 0, 1] = 2 * sqrt(zref0 * zref1)
|
||||
s[:, 1, 0] = s[:, 0, 1]
|
||||
s[:, 1, 1] = -s[:, 0, 0]
|
||||
|
||||
s /= zref0 + zref1
|
||||
return s
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user